Journal
of Economic Development and Village Building
�
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE IN 2015-2020
Syuhada Akbara,1,
Alvien Septian Haerismaa,2,
Toto Suhartoa,3
1IAIN Syekh Nurjati
Cirebon, Kota Cirebon, Indonesia
Abstract
The study aims to determine the impact
of GRDP, PMDN, and FDI on job opportunities
in West Java Province, either partially or simultaneously. This study used a quantitative research method which was
conducted from January to June
2022. The data used came from the Central
Statistics Agency (BPS)
www.bps.go.id. The sampling technique used was purposive
sampling. Processing flow
the
collected data is processed with SPSS version 20 and data testing is carried out,
namely: Classical Assumption Test, Model Test, and Hypothesis
Test. The results showed that GRDP had an effect on
employment opportunities as
evidenced by t count (17.485) > t-table
(4.30265) and Sig count (0.003) < 0.05. PMDN affects
the number of workers needed,
t-count (133.218) > t-table (4.30265), and Sig count (0.000) < 0.05.
Likewise, foreign investment has an effect on the
required workforce with t-count
(22.762) > t-table
(4.30265) and Sig count (0.002) < 0.05. Gross
Regional Domestic Product, Domestic Investment, and Foreign Investment have a simultaneous effect on employment opportunities,
with F count (6247.864)
> F table (19.00) and Sig count (0.000) < 0.05. So it can
be stated that the GRDP, PMDN, and FDI variables simultaneously have a significant effect on the employment
opportunity variable.
Keywords: domestic investment, foreign investment, gross regional domestic product, job opportunities.
Manuscript received 2023-02-22; revised 2023-03-06; accepted 2023-03-07; Date of publication 2023-03-08.
Journal of Economic Development and Village Building is licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
International License.
INTRODUCTION
The interaction of various groups
of variables such as human resources, natural resources, capital, technology, and so on results
in a country's economic development. As a result, economic development cannot be separated
from human management. Where humans are workers, development inputs, and also
consumers of the results of
development itself (Pangastuti,
2015).
Employment opportunity is
one indicator of economic development.
When employment opportunities are high, it can be
concluded that unemployment will be lower and
this will have a direct impact
on people's welfare. Job opportunities
are important for the community because, the availability of adequate employment
opportunities will certainly accelerate the process of
economic development especially accompanied by high productivity.
An opportunity to get a job in various
economic sectors is called a job
opportunity (Desideria et al., 2019). West Java Province has the largest labor
force in Indonesia and also has high employment
opportunities and unemployment rates. The following is a table of the
workforce in major provinces in Indonesia in 2015-2020:
Table 1. West Java Province Workforce in 2015-2020
|
West Java Province Workforce |
||||
|
Years |
Work |
Unemployment |
Amount |
% Work |
|
2015 |
18.791.482 |
1.794.874 |
20.586.356 |
91,28 |
|
2016 |
19.202.038 |
1.873.861 |
21.075.899 |
91,11 |
|
2017 |
20.551.575 |
1.839.428 |
22.391.003 |
91,78 |
|
2018 |
20.936.930 |
1.877.431 |
22.814.361 |
91,77 |
|
2019 |
22.063.833 |
1.929.515 |
23.993.348 |
91,96 |
|
2020 |
21.674.854 |
2.533.076 |
24.207.930 |
89,54 |
Sumber :
�BPS https://www.bps.go.id/ (Diakses
Tanggal 13 November 2021)
From the table 1 above it can be
seen that from 2015 to 2019 the number of employment opportunities continued to
increase, while in 2020 it has decreased. However, the number of employment
opportunities is not proportional to the size of the workforce, so the
unemployment rate continues to increase from year to year. Several factors can
influence job opportunities. Economic growth and investment are two factors
that influence these job opportunities. Rapid economic growth promotes the
development of various economic facilities and infrastructure required to
accelerate economic development (Desideria
et al., 2019).
Economists use Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) data to calculate economic growth. GDP is defined as a country's
total value of goods and services produced in a given year. Meanwhile, the
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is used to assess a region's economic
success (GDP) (Trianto,
2017). The GRDP is divided into two parts
in its presentation: the first at current (nominal) prices can be used to see
shifts and changes in economic structure, and the second at constant (real)
prices can be used to determine economic growth from period to period. (Central
Bureau of Statistics of Java Province West, 2020).
Economic growth is closely related
to production, which means that as more goods and services are produced,
economic growth rises. On the other hand, there is a functional relationship
between the number of goods and services produced and labor, changes in the
amount of production will change the quantity of labor required. Because
changes in the amount of goods and services produced reflect economic growth,
labor absorbed in the production of goods and services is closely related to
economic growth (Rimbawan,
2012).
Economic activity must be able to
grow and develop faster than population growth and it is hoped that the rate of
economic growth can always be maintained at a higher level than population
growth. The comparison between the rate of economic growth and the unbalanced
rate of population growth makes it difficult for the labor force to enter the
labor market because the supply of employment is not proportional to population
growth (Rosmiyati,
2010).
An investment is the next factor
driving the expansion of employment opportunities. Increased investment
activities or domestic or foreign investment in an area that is anticipated to
have a positive effect on people's welfare where these investment activities
can absorb a large amount of labor and reduce unemployment so that people have
enough income to meet their basic needs (Awandari
& Indrajaya, 2016). Attempts to encourage investment
are another step that can be taken in creating job opportunities. Theoretically,
the greater the investment value made or invested by a company, the greater the
additional use of labor (Tapparan,
2017).
The first step in carrying out
development is to invest. Domestic investment is investment that originates
within the country, whereas foreign investment originates outside of the
country. Both are equally important and have an impact on the economic growth
of a country. In addition to the private sector, the government is interested
in investing.
In order to accelerate national
economic development, increased investment is required to convert economic
potential into real economic power through the use of both domestic and foreign
capital and achieve Indonesia's political and economic sovereigntyTo
address global economic changes and Indonesia's participation in various
international collaborations, It is necessary to create an investment climate
that is conducive, encouraging, and provides legal certainty, justice, and
efficiency for foreign investors while also taking national economic interests
into account (Makhfudz,
2016).
Increased investment has a
significant impact on income level. Investment activities enable a society that
is constantly increasing economic activity and job opportunities, resulting in
increased national income and prosperity. The presence of investment encourages
the creation of new capital goods, which absorbs new production factors, namely
the creation of new jobs or job opportunities, which absorb labor, lowering
unemployment (Syaihu,
2012).
One of the most important goals of
economic development is to provide enough job opportunities to keep up with the
growing labor force, which is growing faster than job opportunities. The main
issue with employment is the scarcity of job opportunities. Unemployment will
result from an imbalance between the increase in the working-age population and
the availability of job opportunities.
From the explanation above, GRDP has
a relationship to employment opportunities, GRDP is related to the value of
goods and services produced during a specific time period, meaning that the
greater the GRDP value, the greater the demand for labor. The relationship between
investment and employment opportunities is because, capital is an important
aspect of production activities, the greater the capital owned, the more goods
and services will be produced which will affect the amount of labor needed.
With this research, it is hoped that it will be useful to increase employment
opportunities thereby reducing the unemployment rate. The writer is interested
in researching what factors influence employment opportunities in West Java
Province, according to the paragraph above, and the factors chosen by the
writer are GRDP, Domestic Investment, and Foreign Investment.
The study aims to determine the
impact of GRDP, domestic investment, and foreign investment on employment
opportunities in West Java Province, either partially or simultaneously. This
research should provide theoretical benefits in terms of domestic and foreign
investment theories, as well as their impact on job opportunities. Furthermore,
this study is expected to be useful as a reference to strengthen future
research on the impact of regional GDP, domestic and foreign investment, and
other similar studies. This research can also be one of the evaluation
materials for performance appraisal and planning for the future of the West
Java Provincial Government related to employment.
THEORETICAL BASIS
Gross Regional Domestic Product
The Gross
Regional Domestic Product
(GRDP) is the net value of goods
and services produced in a specific region
over a given time period by various
economic activities (GRDP).
The amount of GRDP produced by each
region is heavily influenced by natural resource potential and production factors because GRDP can describe a region's ability to manage its
natural resources. Because of supply constraints
for these factors, the amount
of GRDP varies by region (Pratama & Hadiyanti,
2020).
GRDP refers
to all of
the added value generated regardless of who
owns the factors of production,
by various economic activities in a region whether residents of that area or
residents of other regions. GRDP is one indicator
that describes the rate of
economic growth, which is commonly
used to assess
the extent to which the
success of a region's development in a given period becomes
a benchmark in determining the direction of
future development policies (Kairupan, 2013).
At the
regional (provincial) level, GRDP describes
a region's ability to generate an
output (added value) at a given
time. Macroeconomic indicators can be explained by
GRDP from both the supply and
demand sides. The overview from the
supply side is translated into
GRDP according to a business field, while from the
demand side, it is explained
by GRDP according to expenditure. The growth of both
is an instrument
used as an evaluation of the
success of a regional government's economic development program. GRDP by business field describes the economy
in terms of creating added value to the
aggregate production of goods and
services by all business fields,
while GRDP according to expenditure describes how all
these goods and service products
are used. (Central Bureau of Statistics
for West Java Province, 2022).
Based on the discussion in the previous sub-chapter, the data used in this study is the
amount of GRDP at constant prices
according to the business sector,
GRDP from a business sector perspective is the sum of
all components of the gross
added value that can be
created by the business sector
for its various
production activities. The scope of GRDP according
to the business
field is divided into 17 business field categories, namely (Central Bureau of Statistics for
West Java Province, 2020).
Domestic Investment
Domestic investment was
governed by Domestic Investment Law No. 6 of
1968, Article 1 in conjunction
with Article 2 prior to the
passage of Law No. 25 of 2007. Domestic investment, as defined by these provisions,
is the use
of domestic capital (which includes rights and objects owned
by the state
and national or foreign private
companies incorporated in
Indonesia as part of the Indonesian people's wealth) set
aside or made available for the purpose
of running a business.
Meanwhile, domestic investment,
as defined in Article 1 paragraph (5) of Law No. 25 of 2007 and Article
1 paragraph (5) of Presidential Regulation No. 76 of 2007 concerning Criteria and Requirements
for Compilation of Business Fields That Are Closed and Business Fields Open With Conditions in the Investment Sector, is investment activities
carried out in the Republic of Indonesia's territory (Harjono,
2012).
Because it is unable to engage
in economic activities and thus cannot
earn an income
to support its family, the
household sector bears the brunt
of the Covid-19 pandemic's impact. People's purchasing power, educational activities, and health suffer as a result, and the
number of poor people increases.
This pandemic has resulted in a reduction in the workforce or
even income loss, affecting consumption and people's purchasing power, particularly among informal workers and daily workers. According
to Minister of Health Regulation
No. 9/2020 on PSBB Guidelines
in the Context of Accelerating Covid-19 Handling (Istriana, 2020).
To determine
the value of a domestic investment,
look at the
realization of investments made by domestic investors
directly based on domestic investment
regulations, general provisions, and government procedures for domestic investment
(Kambono & Marpaung,
2020). In Chapter IV, Article 5, the provisions of Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment specify the form
of business entity for investment
in Indonesia: (1) Domestic investment
can be made
in the form of a non-legal entity or an individual business that complies
with applicable laws and regulations;
(2) Unless otherwise specified by law,
foreign investment must be in the
form of a limited liability company based on
Indonesian law and domiciled on Indonesian territory; and (3) Domestic and foreign
investment by
taking shares at the time
of the company's
formation, buying shares, or using
other methods, the formation operations
of a limited liability company are carried out in accordance with applicable laws and regulations...
Foreign Investment
As is the case with
domestic investment, before the enactment
of Law No. 25 of 2007 concerning Investment, the existence of foreign
investment is also regulated in a separate statutory provision, namely Law No. 1 of 1967 which is
an organic law that regulates
foreign investment. Unlike Law No. 6 of 1968 which provides an understanding of domestic investment,
Law no. 1 of 1967 does not formulate the definition
of foreign investment and only determines the form of
foreign investment adopted. Foreign investment, according to Article 1 of
Law No. 1 of 1967, includes
direct foreign investment carried out in accordance with or based
on legal provisions and used to
run businesses in
Indonesia, in the sense that the capital
owner bears the investment's risk directly.
While Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment in Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 1 paragraph (5), and Presidential Regulation No. 76 of 2007 on Criteria
and Requirements for Making Closed Business Fields Open With Requirements in the Investment Sector provide a clear understanding and definition of foreign investment.
That is what
is meant by foreign investment
activities carried out by foreign
investors on Whether using entirely
foreign capital or in collaboration with domestic investors,
the Republic of Indonesia
Foreign investment is
an investment activity in which there is a foreign
element, which foreign element can be determined
by the presence
of a different nationality, the origin of capital,
and so on.
In foreign investment, the capital invested
is foreign-owned capital or joint
venture capital between foreign-owned capital and domestic
capital (Harjono, 2012). Foreign investment is
one of the
international initiatives aimed at promoting
economic development.. Foreign investment is also important
for the development
of the economy,
not only because it increases the
supply of capital, but also
because it helps form human capital and technology
(Awandari & Indrajaya,
2016).
Employment Opportunity
Employment opportunities are the number of
jobs available for the workforce
which illustrates the availability of jobs that
can be filled
by job seekers.
According to the Central Bureau
of Statistics, job opportunity is the job
market which can be seen
from the number of jobs
created both by sector and
potential as well as based on certain
areas that can be filled
by job seekers
or can be
reflected by working people (Saputra et al., 2021).
Employment opportunity is
the number of people or
labor that can be hired
to work for
a corporation or government agency opportunity will absorb all available labor
if the available
employment is sufficient or balanced
with the number of the
available workforce. Data on employment opportunities
can be seen
from a large number of the
working population 15 years and over (Desideria et al., 2019).
Job opportunities (demand for labor)
can be defined
as a situation that describes the availability
of jobs that
can create opportunities for job seekers to
fill. Job opportunities can also be interpreted
as the total number of positions filled
or that have
not been filled. Concerning job opportunities, the existence of the
industry is one of the
drivers for the creation of
new job opportunities. Optimal production results in an area mean influencing increasing employment opportunities, thereby increasing economic activity and production
of an area, the area will get
out of the
cycle of poverty and the well-being of
the people in the area will also
improve. (Syaihu, 2012).
The employment
opportunity indicator can be seen
from the percentage of the
working population aged 15 years and
over in the labor force, or what
is known as the Employment Opportunity Rate (TKK). The level of
employment opportunities indicates that a large percentage of the labor
force is employed so the
greater the number of job
opportunities, the higher the employment
opportunities (Saputra et al., 2021).
RESEARCH METHOD
This is a study that
employs quantitative methods. This
is done because
the research data is in the form
of numbers and measures influence between
the variables. This research was
conducted by document analysis or secondary data analysis. The time for the research
to be carried
out is from
January 2022 to June 2022. West Java province is the
research location, with research objects
related to regional GDP, domestic and foreign
investment, as well as job opportunities. The population of this
study is a regional gross domestic product, domestic investment, foreign investment, and job opportunities
in West Java Province from 2015 to 2020. This study employed purposive sampling, with data criteria for GDP, domestic investment, foreign investment, and job opportunities
are all factors to consider. in West Java Province published by BPS from 2015 to 2020. As a result, there were a total of six samples
(n) in this study.
This research is
based on primary data from the Central Agency
Statistics (BPS) at
www.bps.go.id on GDP, domestic
investment, foreign investment, and job opportunities. Secondary data was gathered from books,
journals, and data that were relevant to the research.
The data collection technique
used in this study is documentation. Documentation according to (Amir,
& Yulmardi 2009) is the process of gathering or
searching for information through the use of notes,
transcripts, books, newspapers, magazines, inscriptions, minutes, agendas, photographs, and other materials.
The data obtained were processed
using SPSS Version 20 software and Microsoft Excel, to determine the
effect of GRDP (X1), Domestic Investment (X2), and Foreign Investment (X3) on Job Opportunities (Y). Processing Flow The collected data is then processed with SPSS version 20 and data tests are carried out, namely:
Classical Assumptions Test, Model Test, Hypothesis Test
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Results
Classic
Assumption Test
Normality Test
����������� The
normality test determines whether the confounding or residual variables
in the regression model have a normal distribution. The output results of the normality
test are derived from the data test
performed with the SPSS 20 software:
Table 2. Normality Test
����������� The Asimp. Sig. (2-tailed) is the same as 0.873 in the table
above, where the normality test conditions are that if the Asymp.
Sig > 0.05, the data distribution is normally distributed. As a result, the
data normality test results are normally distributed due to the Asymp value. Sig (0.873) > 0.05.
Multicollinearity Test
The multicollinearity test attempts
to determine whether the model's independent variables regression have a high
or perfect correlation. Based on the results of the data test, the following
output is produced.
Table 3. Multycollinearity Test
The presence or absence of
multicollinearity can be determined by the VIF value and the tolerance; if the
VIF value is 10 and the tolerance is greater than 0.1, there is no multicollinearity.
When you consider the price, The VIF of the three independent variables is less
than 10, with values of 1.195, 1.183, and 1.348. The tolerance value of the
three independent variables is 0.837; values of 0.846 and 0.742 indicate a value
greater than 0.1. Then came It is possible to conclude that there are no signs
of multicollinearity.
Heteroscedasticity Test
The heteroscedasticity test
determines whether or not it exists in the model. Regression occurs when there
is a variance inequality from one observation to another. Based on the test
data that was carried out resulted in the output as follows.
Table 4.
Heteroscedasticity Test
In terms of the heteroscedasticity
test with the glacier method if If the Sig value is
greater than 0.05, there will be no heteroscedasticity symptoms. Table 4 shows
that the significant value of the domestic product variables gross regional,
domestic investment, and foreign investment is 0.594, 0.595, and 0.620,
respectively, which is greater than the Sig value of 0.05. As a result, there
are no symptoms of heteroscedasticity.
Autocorrelation Test
A good regression model is one that
is free of autocorrelation; several methods can be used to detect
autocorrelation's presence or absence. Durbin-Watson is used in one of the
autocorrelations. The Durbin-Watson autocorrelation test results are shown in the
table below.
Table 5.
Autocorrelation Test
The DW value must be between Du and
4-Du to show that there are no autocorrelation symptoms. The value DW in the
table above is 2.315, while the Du value in the Durbin-Watson table is 0 with a
value of n equal to 6. Then it can be concluded value DW is between 0 and 4
which means there is no autocorrelation.
Multiple Linear Regression Test
The table below shows the results of
multiple linear regression tests performed with SPSS version 20.
Table 6. Multiple
Linear Regression Test
The multiple linear regression
equation models in this study, as shown in the table above in the
Unstandardized Coefficients column, are: It is clear from the multiple linear
regression equation:
���������� The
constant value is 11549872.933 which is variable PBRB, domestic investment, and
foreign investment have a value of 0 then open job opportunities are
11549872.933.
���������� The
GRDP value is 0.003, meaning that if the investment value is in domestic and
foreign investment is fixed then every GRDP increases by 1 unit will increase
employment opportunities by 0.003.
���������� The
value of a domestic investment is 138.255, meaning that if the value GRDP and
foreign investment are fixed, so every increase in domestic investment by 1
unit will increase opportunities work of 138.255.
���������� The
value of a foreign investment is 630.115, meaning that if the GRDP value and
domestic investment remains constant then every increase in investment
Foreigners by 1 unit will increase employment opportunities of 630.115.
Coefficient of Determination (R2)
The coefficient of determination is
a measure of the magnitude of variations in employment opportunities variables
that can be explained by GRDP, domestic investment, and foreign investment
variables.
Table 7. Coeficient of Determination
Table 7 shows that the value of the
Coefficient of Determination (R2) is equal to 1, which means that the
independent variables GRDP, domestic investment, and foreign investment can explain
100% of the dependent variable Job Opportunities.
Hypothesis Testing
Partial Test (t-test)
The t test is required to partially
answer the research hypothesis. The following is a table of partial test output
results (t-test) using SPSS version 20.
Table 8.
Partial t-Test
Criteria for decision-making in the partial test
(t-test) are:
If t count <t table, then H0 is accepted
If tcount > ttable, then H0 is rejected
If the significance value is greater than 0.05, H0 is
accepted.
If the significance value is less than 0.05, H0 is
rejected.
���������� Where
to find the t table value can be known by the formula (t-table = α/2:
n-k-1) with a significance value of 0.05, the amount of data or n is 6 and the
number of independent variables or k is 3. Then t-table can be calculated, t
table = 0.05/2: 6-3-1 = 0.025: 2 t table values in numbers 0.025:
2 is 4.30265.
���������� The
GRDP's impact on job opportunities in West Java Province The years 2015-2020.
The calculated t value is 17.485 based on the t table, while the t table has a
value of 4.3026. The calculated t value exceeds the t table, and the
significant GRDP value is 0.003, less than 0.05, indicating that Ho is rejected
and Ha1 is accepted. As a result, it is possible to conclude that the GRDP has
a substantial impact on job opportunities.
���������� The
effect of domestic investment on employment opportunities in West Java Province
in 2015-2020. It is known from table 8 that the value of t counts the
investment variable in the country of 133.218 which is more than the value of t-table
4.30265 as well as the significant values of the variables domestic
investment 0.00 which is less than 0.05. Then Ho is rejected. So domestic
investment has a significant influence on employment opportunities.
���������� From
2015 to 2020, foreign investment's impact on job opportunities in West Java.
Table 4 shows that the t-count for the foreign investment variable is 22.762
and the t table value is 4.30265, indicating that the t-count is greater than
the t table. Ho is rejected, whereas Ha is accepted because the significant
value of the foreign investment variable is 0.002, which is less than 0.05. As
a result, foreign investment influences job opportunities.
Simultaneous Test (Test F)
���������� Simultaneous
test aims to see whether the variable GRDP, investment domestic and foreign
investment have an influence on employment opportunities simultaneously or
together.
Table 9. Simultaneous Test
By testing criteria:
If Fcount Ftable, Ho is acceptable.
Ho is rejected if F arithmetic > F table.
If the significance value is greater than 0.05, H0 is
accepted.
If the significance value is less than 0.05, H0 is
rejected.
���������� To
find the value of the F table is with (df 1: df 2) which is df 1 (k-1) and df 2 (n-k-1) with a significance of 0.05. Then the value of
F is obtained table of df 1 = 2 and df 2 = 2 of 19.00. According to the output table SPSS
version 20, the calculated F value is 6247.864, which means that the calculated
F value is greater than the F table, indicating that Ho is rejected and Ha is
accepted. Similarly, if a significant calculated value has a value of 0.00,
indicating that it is less than 0.05, Ho is rejected and Ha4 is acceptedAs a result, the GRDP variable, as well as domestic
and foreign investment, have a significant impact on the employment opportunity
variable at the same time.
Discussions
The Effect of Gross Regional
Domestic Product on Employment Opportunities
���������� The
calculated t values and Sig values are 17.485 and 0.003, respectively, based on
the t coefficients test table. Based on these findings, t count (17.485) > t
table (4.30265), implying that Ho is rejected and Ha1 is accepted. Following
this is the statement Sig arithmetic 0.003) < 0.05, after which Ho is
rejected and Ha1 is accepted. This means that GRDP has a positive and
significant impact on workplace safety. Based on these findings, it can be
assumed that as the GRDP rises, so will the number of job opportunities, and
vice versa.
���������� The
findings of this study back up previous research by Pratama
and Hadiyaniti (2020), who discovered a significant
relationship between Kalimantan's GRDP growth and employment opportunities. The
GRDP variable has a positive relationship, according to the testing results,
with a regression coefficient value of 0.770. Furthermore, the research
findings show that GRDP has a significant effect on employment opportunities of
0.002, 0.002 0.05.
���������� An
increase in production activity will lead to an increase in the need for labor.
The increase in the need for labor has consequences on increasing the demand
for labor or increasing the job opportunities created. It is obvious that
increased economic growth has a positive impact on job opportunities.
The Effect of Domestic Investment on
Employment Opportunities
The
calculated t value and Sig value are respectively 133.218 and 0.000 based on
the t coefficient test table. Based on these findings, t count (133.218) > t
table (4.30265) indicates that n Ho is rejected and Ha1 is accepted. The
following statement Sig count (0.000) < 0.05, following that, Ho is rejected
while Ha2 is accepted. This implies that domestic investment has a significant
positive impact on job opportunities.. Based on these
findings, it can be assumed that with the growth of domestic investment, the
number of employment opportunities will also increase, and vice versa.
The findings
of this study confirm previous research that according to Saputra (2021) in his
research showed the same results as this study, that there was a positive and
significant influence between the growth of Domestic Investment and Job
Opportunities in Baten Province. The amount of
domestic investment realization in West Java Province affects the amount of
labor needed, where labor is a factor of production in the process of producing
goods or services. The greater the capital invested, the greater the available
job opportunities.
Effect of
Foreign Investment on Employment Opportunities
The
calculated t value and Sig value are respectively 133.218 and 0.000 based on
the t coefficient test table. Based on these findings, Ho is rejected and Ha1
is accepted because t count (22.762) > t table (4.30265). The following
statement Sig count (0.002) < 0.05 following that, Ho is rejected while Ha2
is accepted. This means that foreign investment has a significant and positive
impact on workplace safety.. Based on these findings,
it can be assumed that with the growth of foreign investment, the number of
jobs will also increase, and vice versa.
The findings
of this study confirm previous research that according to Akbar & Gunadi
(2018) in his research showed the same results as this study, that foreign
investment growth had a positive and significant impact on job opportunities in
Baten Province. Where the results of the study show
that the t count (3.829) > t table (2.9199). The amount of realized foreign
investment in West Java Province affects the amount of labor used, where labor
is a factor of production in the process of producing goods or services. The
greater the capital invested, the greater the available job opportunities.
The
Influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product, Domestic Investment and Foreign
Investment on Job Opportunities
According to
the F ANOVA test results table, the calculated F value is 6247.864 and the
calculated Sig value is 0.000. These findings indicate that the calculated F
value (6247.864) > F table (19.00). The statement Sig count (0.000) 0.05
then indicates that Ho is rejected and Ha4 is accepted. Thus, the GRDP
variables, as well as domestic and foreign investment, At the same time, they
all have a significant impact on the employment opportunity variable.
The
calculated F value is 6247.864 and the calculated Sig value is 0.000, according
to the F ANOVA test results table. These results show that the calculated F
value (6247.864) > F table (19.00). Following that, the statement Sig count
(0.000) 0.05 shows that Ho is rejected while Ha4 is accepted. Thus, both the
GRDP variables, as well as domestic and foreign investment, have a significant
impact on the employment opportunity variable.
Gross
regional domestic growth influences labor demand by increasing the productivity
of goods and services produced. Similarly, the greater the capital of the
company, the greater the number of goods and services produced, which has an
impact on expanding employment opportunities.
CONCLUSION
West Java Province's job security is
influenced in part by the gross
regional domestic product.
The calculated t values and Sig values
are 17.485 and 0.003, respectively,
based on the t coefficients test table. Based
on these findings, t count (17.485) > t
table (4.30265). This is followed by
the statement Sig count (0.003) < 0.05, Ho is then
rejected, while Ha1 is accepted, indicating
that the GRDP has a positive and significant
impact on job opportunities. Based on these
findings, it can be assumed
that as the GRDP rises, so will
the number of job opportunities,
and vice versa. An increase in production activity will increase the
demand for labor. The
increase in the need for labor
has the consequence of increasing the
demand for labor or increasing
the job opportunities
created. Thus it is clear
that increased economic growth has a positive influence on employment opportunities.
Domestic investment has a limited impact on job opportunities.
The calculated t values and Sig values
from the t test were 133.218 and 0.000, respectively. Based on these findings,
t count (133.218) > t table
(4.30265). Following this is the statement
Sig arithmetic (0.000) < 0.05, after which
Ho is rejected and Ha2 is accepted.
As a result, domestic investment realization has a positive and significant
impact on job opportunities. The amount of
domestic investment realization in West Java Province affects the amount of
labor needed, where labor is
a factor of production in the process of producing
goods or services. The greater the capital invested,
the greater the available job
opportunities
Foreign investment has a partial effect on employment opportunities.
The results of the t-test obtained
t-count values
and Sig count values were
133.218 and 0.000. Then the t count value
(22.762) > t table (4.30265). This
is followed by the statement
Sig count (0.002) <
0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha2 is accepted. So
that foreign investment has a positive and significant influence on work
safety. Based on these results
it can be
assumed that when foreign investment
increases it will affect the
increase in the number of employment
opportunities and vice versa. The amount of realized
foreign investment in West Java Province affects the amount
of labor used, where labor
is a factor of production in the process of
producing goods or services. The greater the capital
invested, the greater the available
job opportunities
Gross regional domestic product, domestic investment, and foreign investment all have an
impact on job opportunities. The F test yielded a calculated F value of 6247.864 and a calculated Sig value of 0.000. According to these
findings, the calculated F value (6247.864)
> F table (19.00). Then
Ho is rejected and Ha4 is accepted,
as evidenced by the statement Sig
count (0.000) <
0.05, after which Ho is rejected and
Ha4 is accepted. As a result, the GRDP, domestic investment, and foreign investment
variables all have a significant influence on the
employment opportunity variable at the
same time. Gross regional domestic growth by increasing
the productivity of the goods
and services produced has an impact on the
amount of labor demanded. Likewise with investment,
the greater the capital owned
by a company, the greater the
number of goods and services
produced which will have an
impact on expanding employment opportunities.
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